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Summary of device development experiments for acupoint treatment of focused ultrasound
| First author (year) | Development device | Main components | Experiment subject; intensity; irradiation time | Results | Safety, adverse events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kim (2021)18) | Ultrasonic moxibustion device | 1-MHz ultrasonic transducer with concave lens | Skin of pork, mouse; 1 MHz, PRF at 10 Hz, pulse duration from 10% to 100%; 120 min | 1)FEM simulation of temperature distribution and acoustic pressure agreed with the experimental outcome. 2)No skin-tissue damage to the mouse abdomens after therapy. |
Demonstrated safe and durable performance |
| Tsuruoka (2010)19) | Focused ultrasound acupoint stimulation device | Concave PZT transducer, polymer base | Healthy volunteers; 1.8 MHz, 1.24 W/cm2; 36 sec | 1)During stimulation BFV decreased in Con group ( 2)After 180 sec, BFV increased significantly ( |
No AE |
| Chen (2011)20) | Ultrasonic transducer for ultrasonic acupuncture | Combination of a self-focusing concave spherical shell transducer and a focusing annular transducer | Computer simulation; | The combination when inner radius is 14 mm and outer width is 10.5 mm, the inner focus radius is 38 mm, the outer focus radius is 65mm can avoid skin damage and achieve effective stimulation of acupuncture points. Through control of distance, can satisfy the energy distribution mode required by ultrasonic acupuncture to the greatest extent. | NM |
| Liu (2020)21) | Ultrasound acupuncture | Verifying focusing depths, phased array of ultrasound acupuncture | Computer simulation; | Can provide traditional acupuncture technique like lifting&inserting, vertical&tilt stimulation and can meet the requirement of needle shape for ultrasonic acupuncture. | NM |
sec : second, min : minute, PRF : pulse repetition frequency, FEM : finite element method, PZT : piezo-electric element, BFV : blood flow volume, AE : adverse event, NM : not mentioned, Con : control group, Exp : experimental group.