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Origins and related theory of meridian muscle (MM), wrist ankle acupuncture (WAA), myofascial pain treatment (MPS) and floating acupuncture (FA) therory
| Meridian muscle (MM) therory | Wrist ankle acupuncture (WAA) therory | Myofascial pain treatment (MPS) therory | Floating acupuncture (FA) therory | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Origins | “Huang Di Nei Jing: Ling Shu·Jing Jin” is the earliest known text that mentions the twelve-meridian muscle theory, their pathways, symptoms of diseases, and treatment methods. | The technique of wrist ankle acupuncture (WAA), was developed by Chinese physician ZHANG Xinshu between 1972 and 1996. It involves acupuncture treatment specifically applied to the wrist and ankle area. | In the mid-19th century, Simons and Travell established the concept of myofascial pain syndrome (MPS), which refers to the pain originating from muscle and fascia. | In 1996, Fu Zhonghua developed a technique called floating acupuncture (FA). This technique is named “Floating Acupuncture” because the needles are placed to hover or float above the surface of the muscles. |
| Related theory | The theory of meridian muscle: twelve-meridian muscles and their pathways, physiological manifestations, and muscular layers; the coordinated movement of muscles and tendons, as well as the actions of limb joints. | Twelve cutaneous regions: division and correlation of body areas. Related acupuncture technique: floating needling. |
None | Twelve cutaneous regions: stimulation of the subcutaneous layer to affect the meridians. Theory of local points: acupuncture at the affected area and surrounding regions. Ahshi points: acupuncture around the painful points. Related acupuncture techniques: intradermal needling, straight needling, floating needling, half-needling. |